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What Is The Difference With Crazing to Crack In An Opal?
Koja je razlika s pucanjem na opalu?
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cracked opalMany opal cutters will sell stones that have cracks or crazing in their opals. There is a major difference between the two and we will show you what it is. While there is nothing wrong with buying an Opal that is crazed or cracked it is important that the buyer is made aware before the purchase. If your Opal does have fracture lines in it or it has crazed do not put it in an ultrasonic cleaner as it may destroy the Opal.

CRACKS

cracked opal cracked opal

A crack can be a minor or major fault line. It can be on the surface or internal. If you see a line inside the opal and it reflects light then it is a crack in the stone. External cracks will decrease the value / price more than internal cracks.

Internal cracks have been shown to be stable and not continue to grow. Some Opal miners have stones with cracks inside them that have had no movement. External crack lines in a polished opal can be cut out but obviously this decreases the size and value of the Opal.

Cracked opals do not necessarily mean that they will fall apart. Many cracked opals will hold but the biggest problem is if an opal is cracked and in a ring, the everyday wear and tear and knocks will break the Opal. Many cracked opals are set as pendants for this reason and are able to be worn most of the time.

CRAZING

crazed opal

Crazing looks like multiple crack lines. Crazed opal is mostly kept as specimens or collectors pieces. They are not recommended for use in Jewelry. Crazed opals can be treated with Opticon which stabilises the Opal.

opal with inclusions

The image above is an Ethopian Opal with an inclusion. Notice there is no light reflection.

Inclusions are not cracks. Many opals contain natural inclusions. These can be air bubbles, vegetation matter and even potch.

AUSTRALIAN OPAL

Most Australian opal is very stable with black opal [N1] considered the most stable due to its smaller molecules. Generally Australian Opal that displays a crack is set at 10-20% of the value of a stable opal of similar qualities. It is estimated only around 1-3% of Australian opals crack but some opal fields are more susceptible than others.

Most Australian Opals contain 3-5% water. Generally the deeper the miner digs the more water content the Opal will have. Mines at Lighting Ridge go down to about 30 meters and the miner can gauge how stable the Opal is. As the potch goes from tough dry material to soggy wet potch then it is an indication of stable material. When they go deeper and the miner knows that this opal will obviously have more water content.

Most Australian opals are non porous and therefore they do not absorb water.

POTCH LINES

opal with potch lines

Some opals may show veins or spider web lines. These are not cracks but potch lines. It is easy for the cutter to check as crack lines reflect light but potch lines do not. Potch lines do decrease the value of the opal depending on the severity of lines. They do not generally effect the stability of the opal.

ETHIOPIAN OPAL

ethiopian opal with crack ethiopian opal with crack ethiopian opal with crack

Ethiopian opal is a Hydrophane opal. Hydrophane opal absorbs water. When Ethiopian opal is dehydrated the base is more opaque. when the opal is hydrated it becomes more transparent. Transition time from hydrated to dehydrated can vary from minutes to days but most Opals do transition in a few hours.

FRACTURE TESTING ETHIOPIAN OPAL

Gemstones have been fractured or cleavage tested for centuries to test parting or cleavage in rough material. All major carving or cutting centres fracture test material before cutting or carving.

Even before modern testing techniques were invented rough material was still tested. During winter a wood fire would warm up a room and cold water was splashed repeatedly on the rough.

Today this basic process is still used for opals by soaking the opals in water and drying them in a warm but not hot environment. This processes can be repeated several times before the cutting process starts. Some opal with a small crack line will sometimes expand under water.

This process tests the stress points and cracks will appear on the weakest cleavage point. The opal is now ready for cutting and polishing to remove any visible cracks.

Fractures or crazing and cracks can appear as:

  • granular sugary patterns
  • smooth even breaks
  • rough edged irregular breaks

Cutters obviously make decision to cut an opal after it has been fractured tested as to observe which side of the opal the fracture occurs on. This involves great skill and a professional cutter will cut according to the directions that have opened up when the fracture is complete.

It takes a cutter many years of experience to understand the best approach to cutting an opal. Master opal cutters will charge a percentage cutting fee for top stones from 3 to 5% and in most cases this is worth paying!

OPTICON STABILIZATION

Opticon is the most common form for stabilising opal. Immerse the stones in a canning style jar filled with enough Opticon to cover the stones and tighten the lid so water can not escape. Condensation can turn the resin cloudy.

  • Place the jar in a ordinary slow cooker filled with enough water so the jar dose not float.
  • Turn the heat up to 150-170 degrees Celsius (302 - 338 Fahrenheit)
  • use a thermometer to check the temperature. We recommend using a kitchen meat thermometer.
  • Cook for 24 hours
  • Strain off the excess resin and place on tinfoil

Use a vacuum machine like the ones used to vacuum food bags. This sucks the air out of the bag.

  • Vacuum for at least one hour.
  • Using an artist style brush paint the stone with a weak mixture [40 to 1] of resin and hardener and re vacuum for 15 minutes.
  • Remove any excess moisture with a acetone cloth.
  • When the stones are no longer tacky polish or re-polish

opticon opal treatmentopticon opal treatment

This 54.7 carat Harlequin pattern opal was sold for over $1,100. When it was cut 5 years ago it displayed crazed lines. The owner treated the stone with Opticon and sold it for around 10% of its value if it was untreated.

GLUES

You can also coat the stone with super glue and heat it under strong lights. The glass like covering over the stone gives it stability while it is polished.

BOULDER OPAL

Boulder opal is mostly formed on an ironstone backing and is stable. This ironstone can be A deep brown chocolate color to sandy ironstone with a light brown colour. Ironstone does help to keep the opal stable. Some crack lines may appear at a 45% degree angel but the opal can still be stable. Some boulder crystal opal may also display cracks. Koroit and Yowah opal fields are considered stable.

boulder opal boulder opal

MEXICAN OPAL

Most Mexican opal is stable. Crazed or cracked opals can occur when the potch and opal cut in one piece as each has different pressure threshold.

mexican opal

U.S.A. OPALS

USA Opals are generally not considered to be stable and opals are mostly made in to Triplets or stabilised. USA opals tend to craze as water content can go up to 14%

BRAZILIAN OPALS

These are generally considered stable as the water content is mostly less than 5%. The opals are semi translucent to white translucent.

HONDURAN OPAL

Honduras opal on matrix is considered stable but some crystal formed on matrix may display crack lines

Browse Our Opals

ispucali opal Mnogi rezači opala prodavat će kamenje koje na opalima ima pukotina ili pukotina. Postoji velika razlika između njih dvoje i mi ćemo vam pokazati što je to. Iako nema ništa loše u kupnji opala koji je izluđen ili ispucan, važno je da kupca upoznate prije kupnje. Ako vaš Opal u sebi ima lomove ili je poludio, nemojte ga stavljati u ultrazvučni čistač jer on može uništiti Opal.

POPUSTE

ispucali opalispucali opal

Pukotina može biti manja ili veća crta rasjeda. Može biti površinski ili unutarnji. Ako vidite liniju unutar opala i ona odražava svjetlost, to je pukotina u kamenu. Vanjske pukotine smanjit će vrijednost / cijenu više od unutarnjih pukotina.

Pokazalo se da su unutarnje pukotine stabilne i da ne nastavljaju rasti. Neki rudari opala imaju u sebi kamenje s pukotinama koje se nisu pomaknule. Vanjske crte pukotina u poliranom opalu mogu se izrezati, ali očito to smanjuje veličinu i vrijednost opala.

Napukli opali ne znače nužno da će se raspasti. Mnogi ispucali opali će izdržati, ali najveći je problem ako je opao napuknut i u prstenu će svakodnevno trošenje i udarci slomiti Opal. Mnogi ispucali opali su zbog toga postavljeni kao privjesci i mogu se nositi većinu vremena.

LUDI

izluđeni opal

Mahnitost izgleda poput višestrukih linija pukotina. Izluđeni opal uglavnom se čuva kao primjerak ili sakupljač. Ne preporučuju se za upotrebu u nakitu. Izluđeni opali mogu se liječiti Opticonom koji stabilizira Opal.

opala s inkluzijama

Gornja slika je etopski opal s uključenjem. Primijetite da nema refleksije svjetlosti.

Inkluzije nisu pukotine. Mnogi opali sadrže prirodne inkluzije. To mogu biti mjehurići zraka, biljna tvar, pa čak i lonac.

AUSTRALIJSKI OPAL

Većina australskog opala vrlo je stabilan s crnim opalom [N1] koji se smatra najstabilnijim zbog manjih molekula. Općenito je australski opal koji pokazuje pukotinu postavljen na 10-20% vrijednosti stabilnog opala sličnih kvaliteta. Procjenjuje se da samo oko 1-3% australskih opala puca, ali neka polja opala su osjetljivija od drugih.

Većina australskih opala sadrži 3-5% vode. Općenito je što je rudar dublje kopao to će Opal imati više sadržaja vode. Mine na Lighting Ridgeu spuštaju se na oko 30 metara i rudar može odrediti koliko je Opal stabilan. Kako lonac prelazi iz žilavog suhog materijala u vlažni vlažni lonac, to je pokazatelj stabilnog materijala. Kad uđu dublje i rudar zna da će ovaj opal očito imati više sadržaja vode.

Većina australskih opala su neporozni i zato ne upijaju vodu.

POTCH LINIJE

opal s lončanim linijama

Neki opali mogu imati žile ili linije paukove mreže. To nisu pukotine već crte lonaca. Rezač je lako provjeriti jer crte pukotina odražavaju svjetlost, ali lonce ne. Potch linije smanjuju vrijednost opala ovisno o težini linija. Općenito ne utječu na stabilnost opala.

ETIOPIJSKI OPAL

etiopski opal s pukotinometiopski opal s pukotinometiopski opal s pukotinom

Etiopski opal je hidrofanski opal . Hidrofanski opal upija vodu. Kad je etiopski opal dehidriran, baza je neprozirnija. kada se opala hidratizira postaje prozirniji. Prijelazno vrijeme iz hidratiziranog u dehidrirano može varirati od minuta do dana, ali većina opala prijeđe za nekoliko sati.

ISPITIVANJE PRILOMA ETIOPIJSKI OPAL

Drago kamenje je stoljećima lomljeno ili cijepano kako bi se ispitalo razdvajanje ili cijepanje u grubom materijalu. Svi glavni centri za rezbarenje ili rezanje ispituju materijal prije loma ili rezbarenja.

Čak i prije nego što su izumljene moderne tehnike ispitivanja, grubi materijal još je uvijek bio ispitan. Zimi bi drvena vatra zagrijavala sobu, a hladna voda više je puta prskala na grubu.

Danas se ovaj osnovni postupak još uvijek koristi za opale natapanjem opala u vodi i sušenjem u toplom, ali ne vrućem okruženju. Ovi se postupci mogu ponoviti nekoliko puta prije nego što započne postupak rezanja. Neki opali s malom linijom pukotina ponekad će se proširiti pod vodom.

Ovim se postupkom ispituju točke naprezanja i na najslabijem mjestu cijepanja pojavit će se pukotine. Opal je sada spreman za rezanje i poliranje kako bi se uklonile sve vidljive pukotine.

Prijelomi ili pukotine i pukotine mogu se pojaviti kao:

  • zrnasti šećerni uzorci
  • glatka čak i prelomi
  • nepravilne prelome s grubim rubovima

Rezači očito donose odluku o rezanju opala nakon što je ispitan prije loma kako bi promatrali na kojoj se strani opala pojavljuje prijelom. To uključuje veliku vještinu i profesionalni rezač će rezati u skladu s uputama koje su se otvorile kad je prijelom završen.

Rezaču su potrebna dugogodišnja iskustva da bi se razumio najbolji pristup rezanju opala. Master rezači opala naplatit će postotak naknade za rezanje kamenja od 3 do 5% i u većini slučajeva to vrijedi platiti!

STABILIZACIJA OPTIKONA

Opticon je najčešći oblik za stabilizaciju opala. Uronite kamenje u posudu u obliku konzerve napunjenu s dovoljno Opticona da pokrije kamenje i zategnite poklopac tako da voda ne može pobjeći. Kondenzacija može smolu zamutiti.

  • Staklenku stavite u obični spor štednjak napunjen s dovoljno vode da doza staklenke ne pluta.
  • Uključite toplinu na 150-170 Celzijevih stupnjeva (302 - 338 Fahrenheita)
  • pomoću termometra provjerite temperaturu. Preporučujemo upotrebu kuhinjskog termometra za meso.
  • Kuhajte 24 sata
  • Procijedite višak smole i stavite na staniol

Koristite vakuumski stroj poput onih koji se koriste za usisavanje vrećica s hranom. Ovo usisava zrak iz vrećice.

  • Usisavajte najmanje jedan sat.
  • Kistom u umjetničkom stilu obojite kamen slabom smjesom [40 do 1] smole i učvršćivača i ponovno usisavajte 15 minuta.
  • Uklonite višak vlage acetonskom krpom.
  • Kad kamenje više nije ljepljivo ili ponovno polirano

optikon liječenje opalomoptikon liječenje opalom

Ovaj opal od 54,7 karatnog Harlekin uzorka prodan je za više od 1100 američkih dolara. Kad je izrezan prije 5 godina, prikazivao je izluđene crte. Vlasnik je kamen tretirao Opticonom i prodao ga za oko 10% njegove vrijednosti ako nije bio neobrađen.

LJEPILICE

Kamen možete premazati i super ljepilom i zagrijati ga pod jakim svjetlima. Staklo poput pokrivača preko kamena daje mu stabilnost dok je polirano.

BOULDER OPAL

Opal balvana uglavnom se stvara na željeznoj podlozi i stabilan je. Ovaj željezni kamen može biti tamno smeđe čokoladne boje do pješčanog željeznog kamena svijetlo smeđe boje. Ironstone pomaže u održavanju opala stabilnim. Neke linije pukotina mogu se pojaviti na anđelu od 45%, ali opal i dalje može biti stabilan. Neki opalov kristalni kamen također mogu imati pukotine. Opalna polja Koroit i Yowah smatraju se stabilnim.

boulder opalboulder opal

MEKSIČKI OPAL

Većina meksičkog opala je stabilna. Izluđeni ili ispucali opali mogu se pojaviti kad se lonac i opali režu u komadu, jer svaki ima različit prag tlaka.

meksički opal

SAD OPALI

Američki se opali uglavnom ne smatraju stabilnim, a uglavnom se izrađuju u trojke ili stabiliziraju. Američki opali imaju tendenciju da lude jer se sadržaj vode može povećati i do 14%

BRAZILSKI OPALI

Općenito se smatraju stabilnim jer je sadržaj vode uglavnom manji od 5%. Opali su poluprozirni do bijeli.

HONDURANSKI OPAL

Opal Hondurasa na matrici smatra se stabilnim, ali neki kristali nastali na matrici mogu pokazivati linije pukotina

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